Экологическая опасность антропогенных воздействий, включая химическое загрязнение/Hazards of man-made impact, including chemical pollution
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New threat to water quality: new important type of hazards from pollution: Synecological Summation
New threat to water quality: new important type of hazards from pollution: Synecological Summation
ABSTRACT of the paper:
Ostroumov S. A. Responses of Unio tumidus to Mixed Chemical Preparations and the Hazard of Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects.- Doklady Biological Sciences, Vol. 380, 2001, pp. 492–495. Translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 380, No. 5, 2001, pp. 714–717.
Effects of commercial detergents, which are chemical mixtures, on bivalves (detergent OMO, freshwater mussels Unio tumidus)were studied. Detergents exert two types of hazardous effects on organisms and ecosystems: the phosphorus-induced stimulation of phytoplankton growth and surfactant-induced inhibition of filter-feeders. Because filter-feeders are an effective natural factor of control of unicellular plankton populations, the two types of the detergent-induced effects on ecosystem facilitate the growth of phytoplankton populations. Therefore, these effects sum together, thereby increasing the hazard of the man-made impact on the ecosystem. The results contribute to a better understanding of the potential ecological danger of pollutants for integral functions of ecosystems. It is the synecological summation of the effects of anthropogenic factors on plankton populations and filter-feeders that is of particular concern. The interaction between populations of plankton organisms and filter-feeders that feed on plankton should be taken into consideration in the studies on the ecological effects of synthetic detergents on these populations. Situations of man-made impact should be analyzed based on the synecological approach to the problem. http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs380p492unio/
Key words:
Effects of commercial detergents, chemical mixtures, bivalves, freshwater mussels Unio tumidus,hazards of pollutants, synecological summation, hazardous effects on organisms and ecosystems, phosphorus-induced stimulation of phytoplankton growth, surfactant-induced inhibition of filter-feeders, anthropogenic effects,
water quality, functions of ecosystems, synecological approach, interactions between populations of plankton organisms and filter-feeders, water self-purification, mollusks, molluscs, bioassays, water filtration, aquaculture, mariculture;
ADDENDUM
(made when the article was put on the web site)
In the paper above the translator used the word ‘biofiltrators’. This word means ‘filter-feeders’. Also, the translator used the word combinations ‘synthetic washing mixtures (SWMs)’ which means ‘synthetic detergents in the form of powder’, and ‘liquid washing mixtures (LWMs)’ which means ‘liquid detergent’. The detergent OMO that was studied in the paper is one of laundry detergents that were commonly used at that time. It was used in the experiments described in the paper as a typical example of the commercial detergent that was broadly used and contributed to pollution of water.
In the paper, the effects of the commercial detergents, which is a chemical mixture (containing surfactants and phosphorus), on bivalves (freshwater mussels Unio tumidus)were studied. The experimental results that were reported in the paper are in agreement with a huge body of similar data that the author obtained when studying other species of bivalves (e.g., mussels Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis, oysters Crassostrea gigas). Commercial detergent mixtures exert two types of hazardous effects on organisms and ecosystems: the phosphate-induced stimulation of phytoplankton growth and surfactant-induced inhibition of filter-feeders. Because filter-feeders are an effective natural factor of unicellular plankton population control, the two types of the detergent-induced effects on an ecosystem facilitate the phytoplankton population growth. Therefore, these effects combine together, thereby increasing the hazard of the ecosystem collapse.
The results obtained in this particular paper contributed to better understanding of the potential ecological danger of pollutants for integral functions of ecosystems. Synecological summation of the effects of anthropogenic factors on plankton populations and filter-feeders is of particular concern. Therefore, situations of man-made impact should be analyzed based on the synecological approach to the problem. In other words, the interaction between populations of plankton organisms and filter-feeders that feed on plankton should be taken into consideration in studies on the ecological effects of SWMs and LWMs on these populations.
Some of more recent publications that were published later and confirm the main conclusions of the paper are given below.
Ostroumov S. A. Inhibitory analysis of top-down control: new keys to studying eutrophication, algal blooms, and water self-purification // Hydrobiologia. 2002. vol. 469. P.117-129..
Ostroumov S. A. Polyfunctional role of biodiversity in processes leading to water purification: current conceptualizations and concluding remarks // Hydrobiologia. 2002. v. 469 (1-3): P.203-204. .
Ostroumov SA. Identification of a new type of ecological hazard of chemicals: inhibition of processes of ecological remediation. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 385:377-379.
Ostroumov SA. System of principles for conservation of the biogeocenotic function and the biodiversity of filter-feeders. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 383:147-150.
Ostroumov SA. A new type of effect of potentially hazardous substances: uncouplers of pelagial-benthal coupling. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 383:127-130.
Ostroumov SA. Biodiversity protection and quality of water: the role of feedbacks in ecosystems. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 382:18-21.
Ostroumov S. A. Studying effects of some surfactants and detergents on filter-feeding bivalves // Hydrobiologia. 2003. Vol. 500. P. 341-344.
Ostroumov SA. Anthropogenic effects on the biota: towards a new system of principles and criteria for analysis of ecological hazards.- Riv Biol. 2003; 96(1):159-169. Review. PMID: 12852181 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Ostroumov SA, Walz N, Rusche R. Effect of a cationic amphiphilic compound on rotifers. - Dokl Biol Sci. (Doklady Biological Sciences) 2003; 390: 252-255.
Ostroumov S. A. On the biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: elements of the theory. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2004, Vol. 396, Numbers 1-6, p. 206-211.
Ostroumov S. A. Suspension-feeders as factors influencing water quality in aquatic ecosystems. - In: The Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems, R.F. Dame, S. Olenin (Eds), Springer, Dordrecht, 2004. p. 147-164.
Ostroumov S. A. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders // Hydrobiologia, 2005. Vol. 542, No. 1. P. 275 – 286 .
Ostroumov S. A. On some issues of maintaining water quality and self-purification. - Water Resources. 2005,Volume 32, Number 3, p. 305-313.
Ostroumov S. A. On the multifunctional role of the biota in the self-purification of aquatic ecosystems // Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2005, p. 414–420.
Ostroumov S. A. Biomachinery for maintaining water quality and natural water self-purification in marine and estuarine systems: elements of a qualitative theory // International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography. 2006. Volume 1, No.1. p.111-118. [ISSN 0973-2667]. Publisher: Research India Publications, Dehli]. Basic elements are formulated for a qualitative theory of the polyfunctional role of the biota in maintaining self-purification and water quality in aquatic ecosystems. The elements of the theory covers the following: (1) sources of energy for the mechanisms of selfpurification; (2) the main functional blocks of the system of self-purification; (3) the list of the main processes that are involved; (4) analysis of the degree of participation of the main large taxons; (5) degree of reliability and the main mechanisms providing the reliability; (6) regulation of the processes; (7) the response of the system towards the external influences (man-made impacts); (8) the analogy between ecosystems and a bioreactor; and (9) conclusions relevant to the practice of biodiversity conservation. In support of the theory, results are given of the author's experiments which demonstrated the ability of some pollutants (surfactants, detergents, and some others) to inhibit the water filtration activity of marine filter-feeders (namely, the bivalve mollusks Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mytilus edulis, and Crassostrea gigas).
Ostroumov S. A., J. Widdows. Inhibition of mussel suspension feeding by surfactants of three classes. // Hydrobiologia. 2006. Vol. 556, No. 1. Pages: 381 – 386. [Effects of SDS, TDTMA, and Triton X-100 on M. edulis and M. edulis / M. galloprovincialis. Effects of three surfactants on the filtration rates by marine mussels were studied. The xenobiotics tested represented anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, a representative of a class of cationic surfactants; sodium dodecyl sulphate, a representative of anionic alkyl sulfates; and Triton X-100, a representative of non-ionic hydroxyethylated alkyl phenols). All three surfactants inhibited the clearance rates. The significance of the results for the ecology of marine ecosystems is discussed]. http://sites.google.com/site/3surfactantsfiltrationmytilus/
Ostroumov S. A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca Raton, London, New York. 2006. 279 p. ISBN 0-8493-2526-9.
Ostroumov S. A. Biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: from the theory to ecotechnologies. - Ecologica, 2007. vol. 15 (50), p.15-23. (ISSN 0354-3285; Belgrade). Some basic elements of a new theory for the biological mechanism for water self-purification are presented. Hydrobionts (aquatic organisms) are actively involved in various processes leading to water purification. Not only microorganisms (bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi), but also algae, plants, invertebrates, and many other groups of organisms are involved, which is discussed and analyzed in the paper. Results of the author's experiments that study the effects of various pollutants on aquatic organisms (freshwater and marine bivalves) are given. The theory is an innovative basis for developing ecological technologies to clean water and to upgrade its quality by using organisms and ecosystems [http://scindeks.nb.rs/article.aspx?artid=0354-32850750015O].
Ostroumov S. A. Basics of the molecular-ecological mechanism of water quality formation and water self-purification.- Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2008, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 147-152.
Vorozhun I. M., S. A. Ostroumov. On studying the hazards of pollution of the biosphere: effects of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) on planktonic filter-feeders. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2009, Vol. 425, p. 133–134.
additional references of relevant publications see:
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs371p204criteria/
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs374p514bioreactor/
http://sites.google.com/site/bioeffectsofsurfactants/
http://sites.google.com/site/surfactantinhibitfilterfeed02/
http://sites.google.com/site/3surfactantsfiltrationmytilus/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/
http://sites.google.com/site/bioticupgradewaterquality2008/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsa/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsapublicationsineng/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsapublicationsruen/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/publications-that-cited-saostroumov
http://sites.google.com/site/biosphereostroumov/home
http://sites.google.com/site/ecologytobemostcitedtomorrow/home
http://sites.google.com/site/ecologytobemostcitedtomorrow/list-of-publications-by-sa-ostroumov
http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/