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Аннотация Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2005, pp. 414–420. Translated from Ekologiya, No. 6, 2005, pp. 452–459; ABSTRACT: Principles of the theory of the ecological mechanism of water self-purification based on multiple functions of the biota in freshwater and marine ecosystems are formulated. In developing this theory, the results of the author’s experiments with filtering hydrobionts have been used. These results indicate that the water selfpurification mechanism is vulnerable to the impact of some pollutants and, in particular, surfactants. Conclusions drawn on the basis of the theory have practical significance for biodiversity conservation and for the sustainable use of the biological resources of aquatic ecosystems. The first paper to formulate in detail the new qualitative theory of multifunctional activity of organisms in improving water quality, in other words, the theory of water self-purification by organisms. http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2014/03/article-on-multifunctional-role-of.html ; http://www.researchgate.net/publication/227317445_On_the_Multifunctional_Role_of_the_Biota_in_the_Self-Purification_of_Aquatic_Ecosystems; link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11184-005-0095-x‎; Additional data in support of the conclusions of this paper: see the book: Biological Effects of Surfactants. Key words : aquatic ecosystems, water quality, water self-purification, pollution, theory. DOI 10.1007/s11184-005-0095-x Print ISSN 1067-4136 Online ISSN 1608-3334 journal: http://link.springer.com/journal/11184