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Аннотация The article is devoted to the badly studied question of Russian pre-revolutionary law-enforcement system history, mutual relations of central and local establishments. Their basic feature was that the police department has not been delegated necessary imperious powers. It forced its management to search independently the ways of strengthening its managing role. The author comes to a conclusion, that methods, by means of which local authorities were controlled, constantly changed. However, only having refused from conducting the searching activity and having created the hierarchical system, the department has acquired a managing position in the law-enforcement system