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Опубликовано
2009-11-25
Опубликовано на SciPeople2009-11-25 18:38:28
ЖурналBiological Invasions
Invaders are not a random selection of species
Biological Invasions (2009) 11(9): 2009-2019
Аннотация
We assembled information on 119 species
of freshwater macroinvertebrate invaders in
North America and Europe, and compared them to
all native freshwater species in North America and
Europe. We tested whether the invaders were a
random or selected group among taxa (phylum or
class), water quality requirements, and feeding habit.
We found that freshwater macroinvertebrate invaders
are not a random selection of species, and are overrepresented
by molluscs and crustaceans, while taxa
richness of native communities are dominated by
insects. Over 35% of native species of aquatic
invertebrates in North America are only able to live
in areas with excellent or very good water quality,
and are intolerant of organic pollution. In contrast, all
invaders are tolerant of at least moderate amounts of
organic pollution. There was a significant difference
in the distribution of feeding habits between native
species and invaders: collector-filterers (including
suspension feeders) were 2.5–3 times more abundant,
and predators were 3–4 times less abundant among
invaders than among native invertebrates. The ongoing
spread of exotic species affects the biodiversity of
selected taxa, shifts communities toward greater
tolerance of organic pollution and increases the
numbers of suspension feeders, thereby enhancing
benthic pelagic coupling in waterbodies with high
densities of invaders. Because these processes are
very similar in Europe and North America, we
suggest that the observed patterns may have a
common global effect.
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