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Date Posted: 01/09/2006;
Submission Title BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SURFACTANTS;
Author(s) Ostroumov, S.A.;
Year Created 2005;
Resource Type Publications, Websites, and Tools;
Publisher CRC Press;
Media Type Book;
Volume, Issue, pp 279pp;
Very short description: Developing effective environmental remediation and protection measures to improve water quality.
ABSTRACT/DESCRIPTION:
The book examines the effects of anionic, non-ionic, cationic surfactants, and detergents on a wide range of organisms-including bacteria, cyanobacteria, flagellates, algae, higher plants, and invertebrates-populations, communities, and ecosystems.
Developing effective environmental remediation and protection measures to improve water quality.
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About the author: scipeople.com/publication/67877/; scipeople.com/publication/68673/; scipeople.com/publication/68148/ (in English); scipeople.com/publication/67904/ (in Eng.) See also: www.famous-scientists.ru/3732/;
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**
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF SURFACTANTS
© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC;
Published in 2006 by
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-2526-9 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-2526-7 (Hardcover)
Library of Congress Card Number 2005053818;
CONTENTS
Foreword by M.E. Vinogradov and V.D. Fedorov vii
Foreword by Steven C. McCutcheon ix
Acknowledgments xi
Abbreviations xiii
Preface xv
Introduction xvii
Chapter 1 Anthropogenic Impacts and Synthetic Surfactants
as Pollutants of Aquatic Ecosystems 1
1.1 Criteria and priorities in assessing the hazardous impacts
on aquatic biota 1
1.2 Ecological hazard and ecosystemic consequences of the
effect of anthropogenic substances on hydrobionts 3
1.3 Biological effects of substances and the need of refining
the arsenal of biotesting methods 6
1.4 Substantiating the need for further research into biological
effects of synthetic surfactants 9
1.5 Ambiguity of biological effects caused by surfactants 12
1.6 Pollution of aquatic ecosystems by synthetic surfactants 16
1.7 Synthetic surfactants and self-purification of water
including its filtration by mollusks 23
Chapter 2 Organisms and Methods 27
2.1 Organisms: Substantiation of choice and aspects of methods
used 27
2.2 Chemical substances used 42
Chapter 3 Biological Activity of Waters Containing Anionic Surfactants 49
3.1 Biological effects of alkyl sulfates. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 50
3.2 Biological effects of alkyl benzene sulfonates (ABS) 77
3.3 Biological effects of high-polymer synthetic surfactants 85
3.4 Concluding remarks 89
Chapter 4 Biological Activity of Waters Containing Nonionogenic
Surfactants 93
4.1 Biological effects of nonionogenic surfactants in a system
with bacteria 96;
**
FOREWORD
The book presents new results of research into the biological effects of surfactants
on autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms. The author studied anionic, nonionogenic,
cationic surfactants, and commercial surfactant-containing mixtures. Surfactants
interact with membranes and pose a hazard to living organisms. Test organisms
studied are the major blocks and trophic levels of aquatic ecosystems; they include
bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, flagellates, higher plants, and invertebrates. Support
from various funds enabled the author to conduct his research in Russia, Ukraine, the
U.S., and the U.K. and greatly expand the set of organisms studied and methods used.
The results of experiments were analyzed in relation to the assessment of ecological
hazard to organisms and aquatic ecosystems, water self-purification studies
and nature preservation priorities. These issues are important, and collection of new
information for their analysis is useful.
The results of his work were reported by the author, who has become a leader
in this field of biological, ecological, and environmental sciences, at representative
forums in Russia and other countries, including the Joint Plenum of the Hydrobiological
Society, Russian Academy of Sciences; the Scientific Council on Hydrobiology
and Ichthyology, Russian Academy of Sciences; and Interdepartmental Ichthyological
Commission of the Russian Federation; symposia of the American Society of
Limnology and Oceanography, and International Association for Theoretical and
Applied Limnology; conferences in the U.K., Switzerland, Denmark, and Finland;
and workshops in the U.S., Germany, the U.K., the Netherlands, and Belgium. Now
the time has come to generalize the results of this valuable and useful work. The book
is useful and interesting to research scientists in various fields, and also to postgraduate
students and university teachers.
M.E. Vinogradov
Academician
Russian Academy of Sciences
Professor V.D. Fedorov
DSc (Biology)
Chair of the Department of
Hydrobiology, Moscow State
University
**
FOREWORD
I have been in correspondence with Dr. Ostroumov since 1995 and have worked with
him to organize two sessions of the annual meetings of the American Society of
Limnology and Oceanography. He serves on the editorial board for the book,
Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control, of which I am co-editor. I am but
one of several scientists from Germany, the U.K., the U.S., and several other
countries that Dr. Ostroumov has attracted and helped self-organize to focus on the
ecological basis of the assimilative capacity of surface waters.
This new book by Dr. Ostroumov sums up his specific contributions on the
effects of surfactants and detergents on aquatic ecological systems, which are vital
to understanding how this important class of compounds affects our environment.
Without surfactants, including those found in common hand soap, modern societies
would be hard pressed to function. Surfactants in soaps, detergents, and many other
forms stop the spread of many diseases from hand-to-hand contact, are important in
manufacturing for de-greasing metal surfaces and many other uses, have made
possible many medical breakthroughs, and allow many other conveniences that are
taken for granted.
While our ecosystems have evolved in the presence of natural surfactants,
man-made surfactants have many acutely toxic and subtle effects. These priceless
ecosystems can only be protected and managed through understanding of the effects
on individual organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems as a whole. As
the dominance of man over the natural ecosystem will only increase in the short term,
understanding of the effects of anthropogenic compounds becomes more important.
The effect on waste assimilative capacity and the biological “machinery” or biogeochemical
cycles of the planet must be known to preserve diversity and the intrinsic
value of life on Earth.
Dr. Ostroumov’s work is exceptional in that it serves as a point of focus for those
in many disciplines to have another look at (1) the traditional sanitary engineering
idea of stream, lake or estuary waste assimilative capacity used in the U.S. and
elsewhere, (2) the eastern European concept of hydrobiology, and (3) Russian
concept of biogeochemical cycling in surface waters. Sergei Ostroumov is
pioneering the application of ecological and biological principles to redefine
assimilative capacity, especially beyond the effects of bacteria and other microbes
and nutrient cycling. In particular, I am excited about developing concepts to explore
the hazardous waste assimilative capacity in broad ranges of aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystems. I look forward to developing rigorous protocols and designing methods
for the emerging field of phytoremediation (using green plants, especially the plant
metabolic system to degrade hazardous wastes) based on general concepts that I see
Dr. Ostroumov developing in his recent work.
I am pleased to have this opportunity to comment on the scientific leadership of
Sergei A. Ostroumov. The book is highly recommended to those who are involved
in studying ecology and solving environmental problems.
Steven C. McCutcheon, PhD
University of Georgia
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
President, American Society of
Ecological Engineering;
**
Acknowledgments
The author thanks Prof. V.D. Fedorov and many colleagues (Department of
Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow University; Russian Academy of
Sciences; American Society of Limnology and Oceanography; and other institutions)
for cooperation and criticism. The scientific conferences and seminars organized by
ASLO, SIL, Moscow University, Russian Academy of Sciences, U.S. EPA, SETAC,
ECOTOX, WHOI, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, SUNY, Columbia University,
University of Maryland, EAWAG, TNO, UFZ, Institute of Freshwater Ecology
(Berlin), and some other national and international institutions were instrumental in
better viewing important scientific problems. The author is grateful to Prof. N.
Fisher, Prof. Ronald Weiner, Prof. J. Waterbury, Prof. John Widdows, Dr. P. Donkin,
Prof. S.S. Stavskaya, Dr. G.A. Filenko, and Prof. Dr. N. Walz for providing
laboratory space and facilities for doing research; Prof. R. Wetzel, Prof. Rita Colwell,
Prof. G. Likens and Academicians (Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences)
Prof. M.E. Vinogradov, Prof. D.S. Pavlov, Prof. A.F. Alimov, Prof. M.V. Ivanov,
Prof. V.N. Bolshakov, Prof. G.V. Dobrovolsky, Prof. G.A. Zavarzin, Prof. G.G.
Matishov, Prof. V.P. Skulachev, Prof. L.P. Rysin, Prof. T.I. Moiseenko, Prof.
A.V.Tsyban, Prof. A.V. Yablokov, Prof. D.A. Krivolutsky, Prof. V.V. Malakhov,
Prof. E.A. Kriksunov, Prof. G.S. Rozenberg, and Prof. V.M. Zakharov for advice;
Prof. J. Widdows, Prof. Dr. Christian Steinberg, Prof. Dr. Norbert Walz, Prof. Dr.
Henri Dumont, Prof. Curtis J. Richardson, Prof. S.M. Adams, Prof. Nico M. van
Straalen, Prof. R. Newell, Dr. Rita Triebskorn, Prof. B.A. Kurlyandsky, Prof. V.S.
Petrosyan, Prof. R. Weiner, Dr. Steven McCutcheon, Dr. T. Feijtel, Dr. P.J. van den
Brink, Dr. E. Kristensen, Prof. A.P. Melikian, Prof. V.D. Samuilov, Prof. O.F.
Filenko, Dr. N.S. Zhmur, and Dr. M. Scholten for discussions; N.E. Zourabova, Prof.
David Page, Dr. M. Marcus, Dr. N.N. Kolotilova, Dr. N.V. Revkova, Dr. M.P.
Kolesnikov, Dr. A.V. Smurov, Dr. A.G. Dmitrieva, Prof. G.E. Shulman, Dr. G.A.
Finenko, Dr. Z.A. Romanova, and other colleagues at the Institute of the Biology of
Southern Seas, National Academy of Ukraine, for help. Some mollusks were
provided by the Institute of the Biology of Southern Seas (Ukraine) and PML (U.K.).
The author thanks Professor P.J. Wangersky, Dr. M. Caldwell, Mr. Allen Hill,
Mr. Glenn Kempf, and Ms. E. Schuster for valuable comments and help in editing
the text.
This work was in part supported by the MacArthur Foundation (Research and
Writing Initiative of the Program on Global Security and Sustainability), Research
Support Scheme of the Open Society Support Foundation (Grant No. 1306/1999),
EERO, IBG, and individual sponsors (Mr. V.Ya. Etin, Mr. J. Ostroumoff, and
others). The author thanks Prof. D. Page, Mr. J. Kessler, Prof. Dr. O. Kinne, Prof. Dr.
C. Steinberg, Prof. Dr. N. Walz, Prof. A. Hooke, Prof. M. Brody, Prof. R. Krueger,
Dr. Peter Kuschk, Dr. Peter Donkin, Mr. F. Staff, and others for support.
Profound gratitude is expressed to T.A. Ostroumova for her everlasting help.
Special thanks are due to Dr. A. Schramm (University of Washington, U.S.); Dr.
R.F. McMahon (The University of Texas at Arlington, U.S.); Prof. L. Mayer (University
of Maine, U.S.); H.G. Dam (University of Connecticut, U.S.); Prof. N.G. Hairston,
Jr. (Cornell University, U.S.); Prof. D. Pimentel (Cornell University); Prof. E.
Laws (University of Hawaii, U.S.); Prof. L. Hekanson, Dr. C.M. Lindblom (Uppsala
University, Sweden); Dr. B.W. Hansen (Roskilde University, Denmark); Dr. D.
Hamilton (University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia); Dr. S.C. Maberly
(Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Windermere, U.K.); Dr. W. Quayle (U.K.);
Prof. D.M. Paterson (St. Andrews University, Scotland, U.K.); Dr. N. Bahamon
(Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Spain); Prof. E. Prepas (University of
Alberta, Canada); Dr. M.A. Belmont (Trent University, Canada); Prof. Dr. Thomas
Weisse, Executive Director (Institute for Limnology, Austria); Dr. J. Boenigk
(Austria); Prof. G.J. Herndl, Head of Department of Biological Oceanography,
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ); Prof. K. Jazdzewski (Poland); Dr.
Y.Z. Yacobi (Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel); Dr. D. Angel (Israel); Dr.
T. Moens (University of Gent, Belgium); Dr. T. Noji (Institute of Marine Research,
Norway); Prof. Dr. M.A.H. Saad (Egypt); Prof. Wang Ziulin (The Ocean University
of Qingdao, China), and many others for discussions and support of the idea of
publishing this book.
The author thanks the translator of the book, Victor Selivanov, for his time and
effort.
© 2006;
Abbreviations:
AAL apparent average length
ABS alkyl benzene sulfonate
AE alcohol ethoxylate
AES alcohol ethoxysulfate
AHC Avon Herbal Care
AS alkyl sulfate
ATM alkyl trimethyl ammonium
BA biological activity
BAS biologically active substance
BCF bioconcentration factor
BCO biochemical consumption of oxygen
CHMA copolymer of hexene and maleic aldehyde
CL confidence limit
CMC critical micelle concentration
CSSD change of the static state to the dynamic state
CTAB cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
CV coefficient of variation
DOM dissolved organic matter
DNOC dinitroorthocresol
DDA dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide
DDTMA dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
DTMAC dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
DW distilled water
EC50 effective concentration, i.e., the concentration at which
the biological effect is 50% of the maximum possible effect
EER effect on the efficiency of removal
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
GIC germination inhibition coefficient
HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
HPSS high-polymer synthetic surfactant
LC50 concentration that induces the death of 50% of organisms
LTMAC lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride
MBA minimum bacteriostatic activity
MCPC multicatalytic proteinase complex
MPC maximum permissible concentration
NOEC no observed effect concentration
NP nonylphenol
NPE nonylphenolethoxylate
NST nonspecific symptom of toxication
OD optical density
QAC quaternary ammonium compound
SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
SFG scope for growth
SML surface microlayer (of the sea)
STW settled tap water
TCP 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
TDTMA tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
TX100 nonionogenic surfactant Triton X-100
**
Preface
For about 20 years now, I have been doing research into anthropogenic effects on
hydrobionts. In experimental studies of the impacts of synthetic surfactants on hydrobionts
and other organisms, the author arrived at the conclusion that these substances
are greater potential ecological hazards than previously believed. This conclusion led
me to focus on the fundamental problem of the criteria and principles of assessing
the hazards. Deeper insight into the problem highlighted the need for a more profound
analysis of the extent to which the self-purification potential of an aquatic
ecosystem can be a target of pollutants.
I attempted to answer this question in a series of papers published in 1997–2005
(Ostroumov et al. 1997, Ostroumov 2000, 2005a,b, etc.). In summing up the results
of the entire work, it proved useful to return to the earlier published books (1983,
1985, 1991 coauthored by A.V. Yablokov) based upon the analysis of a broad range
of material in accordance with the levels of living matter organization. That approach
proved useful. In a concise form, the author’s work was summed up in his book
published in Russian in 2000 and in recent publications (Ostroumov 2005a,b).
This book makes use of and is based upon all those publications. In the process
of translating the book from Russian into English, I realized that some terms need to
be commented upon. The term “hydrobiont'” that is used in the book is a synonym
to “aquatic organism.” The term “biogens” is a synonym to “nutrients,” especially
the dissolved phosphorus and nitrogen compounds that are easily available for algae
and may lead to algal growth.
Moreover, I realized that an addendum should be written to cover some recent
literature which was not mentioned in the book, just because it was written some
years ago. This addendum is presented in the English edition of the book.
I would like to emphasize that the book is by no means a comprehensive review
of literature on environmental aspects of surfactants. The book is based on my experimental
work that used only a limited number of species and experimental approaches.
I used only the most necessary literature to discuss my data. I tried to propose and
substantiate some new elements in vision of the environmental hazards of surfactants
and detergents. The book is only a contribution to the enormously broad area of
research – a contribution made by one individual who is by definition limited in his
resources.
I am grateful to the many people who helped in this work and participated in it
directly or indirectly. Thanks are due to the coauthors and colleagues V.D. Fedorov,
A.V. Yablokov, V.N. Maksimov, N.N. Kolotilova, M.P. Kolesnikov, S.V. Goryunova,
T.N. Kovalyova, A.Ya. Kaplan, N.V. Kartashova, A.N. Tretyakova, N.A.
Semykina, N.E. Zourabova, E.V. Borisova, V.S. Khoroshilov, and A.E. Golovko; the
staff of Papanin Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences;
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine;
and many others, including H. Nagel, P. Donkin, R. Weiner, and N. Fisher. Important
were helpful comments made by many colleagues, to whom the author is deeply
grateful. Critical remarks by and advice of Prof. V.D. Fedorov were of great help.
Thanks for critical remarks are also due to T.V. Koronelli, O.F. Filenko, and A.G.
Dmitrieva. Unable to express here his gratitude to all he would like to acknowledge,
the author does this in Acknowledgments.
I did not even try to review the enormous amount of literature in the field; my
aim was only to study some specific issues within a very vast area.
I realize that, in a work touching upon many organisms and analyzing controversial
and difficult issues of hydrobiology and ecology, it is impossible to avoid
blunders and errors. I do not shift the burden of these shortcomings from myself onto
those to whom I express my gratitude; the responsibility for the possible shortcomings
of the book is entirely mine.
The book is dedicated to my parents and my friends, to those who helped me
and will help in future.
Sergei Ostroumov
Faculty of Biology
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University
Moscow, Russia;
**
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SURFACTANTS lays an excellent foundation for scientists to explore how hazardous wastes are absorbed in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Features:
* Publishes new results from the author's research and gleans the most important findings from over 20 years of research including 80 of his articles
* Reveals new data on the biological effects of synthetic surfactants and detergents upon organisms in aquatic ecosystems
* Obtains data useful for selecting relatively tolerant organisms for purposes of bio- and phytoremediation and restoration of disturbed aquatic ecosystems;
**

www.researchgate.net/group/Russian-Language_Scientists_Ecology_Environment_Biosphere_and_related_subjects/board/thread/10259_the_book_Biological_Effects_of_Surfactants_on_Org [citation of the book];
Cited the book: Biological Effects of Surfactants on Organisms. MAX Press, Moscow. 2001. 334 p., fig, tab. Bibliogr.: pp. 264-304 (716 refs.) ISBN 5-317-00323-7.
Prof. Yakovlev S.V. (Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences) // Vestnik of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2002. v.72, No.11, p. 1038-1039. www.ras.ru/en/publishing/rasherald/rasherald_articleinfo.aspx?articleid=50a4f815-7de7-413f-b2b7-f1489d99f4cb [Review of the book: S.A. Ostroumov, Biologicheskie effekty pri vozdeistvii poverkhnostno-aktivnykh veshchestv na organismy (The Impact of Surface Active Substances upon the Organisms: The Biological Effects). Author of the review: Academician, Prof. S.V.Yakovlev (Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences; Director, VODGEO Institute)].
Prof. Vasiliev О.F. (Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences) // Vestnik of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, 2002, v.2, No.3, p. 65.
Prof. Braginsky L.P., Sirenko L.A. // Hydrobiological Journal. 2003, v. 39, No. 3, p. 115-118.
Prof. Rozenberg G.S. (Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences) // Uspekhi Sovremennoi Biologii (Advances of Modern Biology). 2003. No. 6. p. 618-619.
Тодераш И.К. (академик АНМ), Ермаков В.В. Новое об экологической опасности веществ, загрязняющих водную среду. // Известия АН Модовы. Науки о жизни. (Buletinul Academiei de Stiinte a Moldovei. Stiintele Vietii; ISSN 1857-064X) 2007, 2 (302), с. 169-172.
[из текста статьи: Книга представляет собой новый крупный шаг в познании воздействий химического загрязнения на биосферу ].
Toderas I., Kriksunov E.A., Rozenberg G.S., Ermakov V. V. — Buletinul Academiei de Stiinte a Moldovei. Stiintele Vietii (Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Life Sciences). 2009. No.1 (307). P.180-184. Bibliogr. 25 refs. ISSN 1857-064X. In English. Cited 19 publications by S.A.O.
About the publications… Problems of Biogeochemistry and Geochemical Ecology ( Проблемы биогеохимии и геохимической экологии; журнал в перечне ВАК) 2009. No.1 (9). 150-152.
Markina Zh. V. Effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the growth dynamics and physiological state of the microalga Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta) // Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 2010, Volume 36, Number 3, Стр.191-194. (in Eng.) Цитируются: Maximov, VN, Nagel, H., Kovaleva, TN, and Ostroumov, SA, Biological Testing of Waters Contaminated with Sulphonol, Vodnye resursy, 1988, no. 1, pp. ...; Ostroumov, SA, Biological Effect of Surfactants, Boca Raton; London: CRC Press; Taylor and Francis, 2006, 279 p.;